| |
| |
| Cognitive:
- Manages 3-4 toys by setting one aside when given a new toy
- Pulls object up from floor with string
- Gives toy to someone to wind up
- Activates toy after adult demonstration
- Polls wheeled toys
- Places things in cup; dumps out contents
- Demonstrates use of everyday items (e.g., pretends to drink from cup)
Communicative:
- Says "Mama" or "Dada" discriminately
- Points to objects when named
- Responds vocally to "wh" questions
- Acknowledges others' speech by eye contact, speech, or repetition of the word said
- Uses sentence-like intonation (jargon); imitates some words
- Uses single words; says 3-20 words
- Protests by saying "no," shaking head, moving away, or frowning
- Points to wanted object
- Says "all gone," asks for "more"
- Teases, scolds, warns using gestures and vocalizations
- Responds to the directions "in" and "on"
Social or Emotional:
- When faced with a novel situation, looks to parents for reassurance
- Shows emerging independence by moving around a familiar room in a playful, exploratory manner (still may require some supervision and encouragement)
- When playing on his or her own, may periodically return to the parent for reassurance and attention (likes to know adult is near)
- Plays alone for short periods
- Contacts with peers center on a toy, and adult, etc.
- Brings toy to share with caregiver
Adaptive:
- Chews textured foods
- Spoon-feeds and drinks from cup independently - frequent spills
- Sleeps through the night; one nap during the day
- Cooperates when dressing and undressing
- Stirs with spoon
- Sips liquid from cup using a straw
Physical:
- Squats to play
- Kicks stationary ball forward
- Drops objects into small container
- Stacks 2-4 objects on top or one another
- Starts and stops in walking
- Walks up and down stairs with assistance, placing both feet on each step
- Enjoys pushing or pulling toys while walking
- Takes independent steps
- Maintains balance while kneeling
- Walks backwards
- Creeps backward down steps
- Holds crayon with fingers, hand on top, forearm turned so thumb is directed downward
Nutrition:
- At 12 months:
- Serve liquids only in a cup
- Encourage self-feeding with spoon and cup
- Offer 3 meals a day, plus snacks
- Include baby at family meals
- Switch from formula to whole milk
- At 15 months:
- Keep encouraging self-feeding using spoon, fork and fingers
- Should be drinking only from cup
- Expect strong food preferences - offer a variety, but do not force-feed
- At 18 months:
- Growth is slow - appetite decreases
- Can be picky, negative behavior
- Maintain relaxed approach to eating
- Offer a variety of foods - allow child to choose
- Avoid using food as reward or punishment
|
|
|
|
|
